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EPA · Regulatory Enforcement Intelligence

Environmental Protection Agency

EPA's Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance enforces federal environmental law through civil judicial referrals to the Department of Justice, administrative penalty actions, and criminal prosecutions, backed by injunctive relief requiring pollution controls and cleanup. Its fiscal year runs October 1 to September 30, and it publishes annual enforcement and compliance results each year.

By Category and Fiscal Year
CategoryFY2019FY2020FY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025
Civil Judicial Enforcement●●●○●●○
Administrative Enforcement●●●○●●○
Criminal Enforcement○○○○○●●
Injunctive Relief●●●●●●○
Civil Penalties●●●●●○●

● sourced dataset available · ○ dataset pending additional source verification · — not covered in this dataset

What Each Category Covers
Civil Judicial Enforcement

Civil cases EPA refers to the Department of Justice for filing in federal court against alleged violators of environmental statutes.

Administrative Enforcement

Administrative penalty and compliance orders EPA issues directly under its own authority, without a DOJ referral.

Criminal Enforcement

Criminal cases developed by EPA's Criminal Investigation Division and referred for prosecution, plus resulting defendants charged and sentenced.

Injunctive Relief

The value of pollution controls, cleanup, and monitoring EPA requires violators to perform as part of a judicial or administrative resolution.

Civil Penalties

Civil judicial and administrative monetary penalties assessed against violators of federal environmental law.

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